Th planets Essay Example For Students

Th planets Essay The Planets and the Solar System Planets 2 A planet is a celestial body that revolves around acentral star and does not shine by its own light (Grolier,1992). The only planetary system that is known to man is oursolar system. It is made up of nine planets which range in sizeand make-up. The nine major planets in our solar system areMercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune andPluto. There are also many other minor planets which are also inour solar system, but they are unimportant compared to the ninemajor planets. In this paper I will discuss the planets and howMercury which is the planet that is closest to the sun isthe first planet I will discuss. Mercury is the smallest of theinner planets. It is speculated that the heat from the sun madeit impossible for the gases present to become part of theplanetary formation. The surface of Mercury is extremely hot. It is approximately 470 degrees celsius on the surface and isthought to be even hotter at the two hot spo ts. These hotspots are on opposite ends of the equator. It is the heat ofthe surface that makes it impossible for Mercury to have any typeMercury orbits the sun once every 88 days and has a truerotation period of 58.6 days. It is the closest planet to thesun and therefore orbits faster than any other planet (Thompson/Turk, 542, 1993). It is said that Mercury rotatesthree times for every two trips around the sun, so that during Planets 3every alternate perihelon passage the same face points directlyat the sun. Geologically, the most remarkable features ofMercury are compressional cliffs or faults, just the sort ofwrinkles that might form in the crust if the interior of theplanet shrank slightly (Morrison, 74, 1993). It is speculatedthat it was the solidification of Mercurys metallic core thatcaused this global shrinkage. Mercury is also . . . enrichedin metal or depleted of rock (Morrison, 74, 1993). It is alsobelieved that some of the inner core of Mercury is still in aScien tists also believe that Mercurys surface is made partiallyof silicate rock. The best way to describe Mercury is, . . . We will write a custom essay on Th planets specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now small, heavily cratered and airless (Morrison, 71, 1993). Venus is the second closest planet to the sun and is said to . . . most closely resemble Earth in size, density, anddistance from the sun (Thompson/Turk, 542, 1993). Venus isknown to most scientists as the sister planet to the Earth. Itis called this because it closely resembles the Earths mass,density and diameter. The only thing different is that Venus is shrouded in thick clouds that completely hide the surface ofthe planet (Grolier, 1992). The surface temperature is alsoVenus completes one revolution around the sun in 224.7 days. This makes the Venusian day equal to 117 earth days. It isthought that this slow rotation may be the reason why Venus has Planets 4The atmosphere of Venus made up of 98% carbon dioxide and 2% Nitrogen. This atmosphere also has the presence of helium,neon and argon. This is yet another thing which makes VenusThe surface of Venus is quite a bit like that of the Earth. The surface has volcanoes and smooth plains. Much of thevolcanic activity on Venus ta kes the form of Basaltic eruptionsthat inundate large ares, much as the mare volcanism flooded theimpacted basins on the near side of the moon (Morrison, 93,1993). One thing that differs from Earth is that there is nowater liquid on the Venusian surface. .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88 , .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88 .postImageUrl , .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88 , .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88:hover , .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88:visited , .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88:active { border:0!important; } .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88:active , .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88 .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u538f56e787529b57f0521eb25951ae88:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Frankenstein and Blade Runner EssaySome of the scientific data that follows was taken out ofCattermoles book. The mean distance from the sun is 108.20 Km. The equatorial diameter is 12,012 Km and the equatorial rotationis 243 days. Finally the mass of Venus is 4.87*10^24(Cattermole, 63, 1993). Venus, although different than Earth, isMars is the fourth furthest away from the sun and isrecognized by its reddish color. Mars is also very much like theEarth. More than any other planet in the solar system, Marshas characteristics that make it an Earth-like world (Grolier,One thing that is very similar to Earth is the rotationperiod. Mars rotation period is only thirty seven min utes longerthan the Earths. This would explain why Mars has significantseasonal changes just as Earth does. It is believed that the Planets 5difference between winter and summer on Mars is even greater thanMars is extremely hard to understand due to the effect ofblurring that is caused by the two atmospheres of Mars. Scientists do know, however, that Mars is relatively small andthat changes take place in the surface features when the seasonschange. It is also known that dust storms are prevalent andleaves the surface of Mars covered by a red haze. Mars has a very thin atmosphere which is composed of carbondioxide, nitrogen, argon, water vapor and oxygen. Mars also hasno magnetic field. Because the atmosphere of mars is so thin,wind velocities up to several hundred Km per hour are required toraise the dust particles during a dust storm, and these fast-moving particles erode structures with a sand-blasting effect (Grolier, 1992). Therefore, the surface is basically plain-likeand covered with large craters. There are also some areas wherethe rock is jumbled. The poles of Mars are iced over and thetemperature is about 160 170 degrees K. Mars also has itsshare of volcanoes. Most of these volcanoes are shieldvolcanoes. The surface is littered with winding channels thatresemble river channels that have dried up over time. Scientistsbelieve that water once existed and caused the formation of thesechannels. It is said that, Mars remains the best candidate forlife in the solar system outside of the Earth, and that is whatmakes Mars so interesting to scientists. Jupiter is the fifth planet and is the most massive of all Planets 6the planets in this solar system. Its mass represents morethan two-thirds of the total mass of all the planets, or 318times the mass of the Earth. Jupiters density is quite low atThe atmosphere of Jupiter contains water, ammonia, methaneand carbon. It is thought by scientists that there are threecloud layers. The wind activity on Jupiter is quite fierce andmoves in jet streams parallel to the equator. The weather onJupiter is still very hard for scientists to understand. Thereis not enough information to truly understand how the weather isJupiter is most known by the normal citizen by the rings ithas. These rings are very diffuse. The ring particles mustgenerally be about as big as the wavelength of light, that is,only a few microns (Grolier, 1992). That is why these ringsare faint or diffuse. The rings are what Jupiter is known for. Saturn is a planet which is also known for its rings andwhen viewed has a yellow or grayish color. The color is from thegaseous atmosphere and the dust particles in that atmosphere. The atmosphere is mostly a clear hydrogen-helium atmosphere. There are also traces of methane, phosphine, ethane, andacetylene. This atmosphere is much different than that of theSaturn orbits the sun with a period of 29.4577 tropicalyears. It is 1.427 billion Km away from the sun and is thereforea cold planet. It has an equatorial diameter of 120,660 Km which Planets 7makes it the second largest planet in our solar system. The next planet is Uranus. The main problem scientists havewith Uranus is that, the lack of visible surface features meansthat it is difficult to measure the rotation period of Uranus(Hunt/Moore, 388, 1983). Uranus has an equatorial diameter of51,000 Km which is almost four times as much as Earth. Theatmosphere is mostly methane gas and therefore the planet has ared tint or a blueish gr een color. Uranus also has rings butunlike Saturn these rings have almost no small particles. Scientists are not as concerned with this planet. .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d , .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d .postImageUrl , .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d , .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d:hover , .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d:visited , .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d:active { border:0!important; } .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d:active , .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u13180609ab444aa063666e60b4bc4e9d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In feminist writing EssayNeptune is the last of the gaseous planets in our solarsystem. Its atmosphere is much like Uranuss because it ismostly helium and hydrogen. It also contains methane. Neptunehas a diameter of 49,500 Km and a mass 17.22 times that of theEarth. It has an average density of 1.67 /cm^3 (Grolier, 1992). Neptune also has rings like its other gaseous partners, but theyare very faint. Not a great deal is known about Neptune. It iswidely studied by scientists and that makes it an importantThe final planet, which is also the smallest, and thefurthest away from the sun is Pluto. This planet is very hard tosee therefore not a lot is known about its physicalcharacteristics. Scientists do know that it has a thin methaneatmosphere. Little is known about this planet because it is sofar away from the Earth and the sun. Scientists are alwayslearning new things and more data will arise in the future. Planets 8As one can see the planets of most importance are the onesclosest to the sun and Earth. Little is known about the far offplanets therefore it is hard to give them full recognition. Muchis known about Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. The other three planets are not as well known as these six are. Whether more planetary systems exist doesnt really matter. There are still plenty of things we dont understand about ourown solar system. Scientists will have their work cut out forthem in the future. Each and every planet has distinctdifferences and that helps show us how truly great God is. Theplanets will never fully be understood and will always be a greatBibliography:Planets 9Works SitedCattermole, P. (1995). Earth and Other Planets. New York: Oxford University Press. Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc. (1992). Hunt, G. Moore, P. (1983). Atlas of the Solar System. Chicago: Rand Mc Nally Company. Morrison, D. (1993). Exploring Planetary Worlds. NewYork: Scientific American Library. Thompson, G. Turk, J. (1993). Earth Science and theEnvironment. New York: Saunders College Publishing HarcourtBrace College Publishers.

Heres What Youre Missing on IndiesUnimited.com

Heres What Youre Missing on IndiesUnimited.com Indies Unlimited is a site full of amazing resources, and a space providing interaction for writers and readers. First, lets talk about exactly what Indies Unlimited is if you are unfamiliar with the site. In short, their focus is on promoting indie authors and the writing community as a whole. An indie author is an author who is not represented by a major publishing house- this means that they will be self-published, published with a small or regional press, or sometimes traditionally published on a smaller scale.First and foremost, Indies Unlimited is a blog. They are not a self-publisher, but rather, they help authors grow their audience, gain knowledge about the industry, connect with readers, and of course, forge a writing community between multitudes of authors. This is something that most authors find invaluable- a group of people striving for the same goals who understand how difficult and confusing the industry is, while also being there for support and brainstorming.Authors benefit from a writing community to learn more about the writing process and industry. Photo by Brooke Cagle on Unsplash.Sifting through the overwhelmAll the resources for independent authors on the web can feel overwhelming. There are a lot of conflicting ideas, and even simply too many resources on the web, that its difficult to know which ones to trust. Indies Unlimited has had a lot of success and rave reviews, and they provide tons of resources all in one place. Even if you dont browse around other sites, you will be able to find pretty much everything you could need on Indies Unlimited.Promotions for writersSome favorite aspects of Indies Unlimited are free promotional tools. They have set up numerous promotions to assist in engagement between authors and readers, and these promotions also form a semblance of consistency. One of the promotions they offer is Thrifty Thursday, where authors can list their free or 99 cent e-books and where readers will be directed to find them a ll in one place. As readers, we know that were always looking for a bargain or good deal, so with readers aware that Thrifty Thursday takes place each week, it is an opportunity for authors to get their books in front of a whole new audience. This is something that readers can stay tuned into and look forward to each week as they set out to find new authors.The next promotion Indies Unlimited offers is Print Book Party, which takes place on the first Sunday of each month. This is where authors can promote their print books listed at $15 or less, allowing readers to find a large selection of bargain paperbacks in one place. This is another deal that readers definitely wont want to miss out on when it comes to saving on books. Once again, this is a day of the week that readers can anticipate, ready to find their next great read in the comments section of the blog. They also offer, on the third Friday of each month, Kindle Unlimited Friday, where authors can post their books that are f ree within the Kindle Unlimited program.However, the Guest Post Feature may be the most effective of all the promotions offered on IU. This is where authors have the opportunity to write a guest post for the Indies Unlimited blog. Since they have such a vast following, your blog could have the potential to be featured for a whole new audience of writers, readers, reviewers, and publishers alike. The guest feature does not actually showcase any books, but rather lends to more exposure, which is ultimately beneficial to growing ones audience in the long run. You can reach out to Indies Unlimited with the topic youd like to write a blog about to be considered for a guest spot. We are always told that networking and creating more exposure to multiple audiences is the most effective way to market. Well, this guest opportunity does just that.Author advertisingIn addition to the many free promotion options given by Indies Unlimited, they also offer advertising options. There are several pa ckages available to choose from for marketing a product, service, or event. This is another great tool to give authors, or anyone related to the writing field, more exposure given Indies Unlimiteds high-traffic site. You will have the opportunity to advertise as an author or a vendor with the different package options to choose from.According to the site, We do not actually accept paid advertising from authors because its our mantra to never take money from authors. Everything available to authors is free. We occasionally accept paid advertising from service providers, but only after theyve gone through a stringent vetting process to make sure they are on the up-and-up and will not take advantage of authors. Accepting paid advertising is rare, and maybe happens twice a year. Otherwise, the expenses to run the site fall solely on our admin/executive director K. S. Brooks (Kat).Author researchAside from promotion, marketing, and networking, Indies Unlimited is invested in helping auth ors obtain as much knowledge as possible in this field. They have so many resources and articles available, covering any topic imaginable related to books, writing, and publishing. The best part is that they have all these resources in one place, so theres no need to search around the web aimlessly.The KnowledgeBase tab is definitely worth checking out for anyone, whether youre a novice or have years of experience. They cover topics within publishing like book covers, book trailers, reviews, beta readers, and the publishing process as a whole. If youre looking to improve your craft before reaching the publication stage, then they have resources for you, as well, like grammar, punctuation, characters and story building, and resources on the all-important editing process. They also talk about other tools for authors like social media, newsletters, press releases, giveaways, and so much more.No matter which stage of your writing career youre at, Indies Unlimited has resources for you t hat you will not want to pass by. As writers, we have to be our own teachers, editors, critics, and businesspeople- even if we have others in place for these positions already. So, there is no amount of knowledge within the field that could be too much. As mentioned in the beginning of this article, there are so many competing ideas out there, its tricky to know which methods, rules, and approaches are best for you as a writer. So, even if you dont look at any other databases of knowledge- the KnowledgeBase will have you well on your way to sorting out that confusion.Book promotionsA more specific tab when it comes to resources on the Indies Unlimited site is the Book Promo tab. This lists any and all sites that authors who are published or getting ready to publish will want to research and familiarize themselves with. Some of the sites listed are free and some must be paid for, but they all deserve attention in deciphering if they are right for you and your publication goals. With so many sites about book promotion out there, it is easy to get lost and confused, and especially frustrated. So, the fact that Indies Unlimited has compiled these sites in one place with descriptions about each can save an author a lot of time and headache.With so much information available on book publishing and promotion, its easy for authors to get overwhelmed and frustrated. Photo by Clay Banks on Unsplash.Flash fictionNow, lets say you havent written a book, or arent ready to publish your book, and dont think any of these amazing resources are right for you. This is highly unlikely, but even so, you can still engage with Indies Unlimited. How? They host a flash fiction contest every Saturday. Thats right, not only do they offer free promotions, paid advertisements, links with a wealth of knowledge on every writing topic imaginable, and book promo resources, they even have a fun contest open to everyone, with no commitment.The flash fiction rules are simple: Write 250 words or less that incorporate the provided image and prompt. Its quick and fun! And the most fun part of this contest? The winners are chosen using polls that readers personally participate in, with a readers choice and editors choice poll. The polls and contest are open for a few days, so even if you cant get to the computer right at that moment, you have time to make sure you dont miss out. Indies Unlimited has ways for subscribers (and anyone) to interact with their site every day of the week. There are very few sites that can accomplish this.A final noteFinally, Indies Unlimited has gear and titles for purchase, as well as a full staff of very qualified individuals. They are definitely in the market of helping authors navigate this confusing business, as well as giving them outlets to engage with one another and have fun.If you think Indies Unlimited could be beneficial to you (which we assume you would after reading about all their amazing services and engagement) then we highly sugges t subscribing to their newsletter. If you are an author, reader, or have any sort of interest in the publishing world, then this is a letter you wont want to miss. They will send you a weekly email full of valuable resources and articles that they provide. Plus, the fact that its only a weekly newsletter means you wont get aggravated with countless spam emails- it will be an email you actually look forward to. It will assist you through your craft and writing goals each week- and dont forget, theyre always available for questions at Indies Unlimited.So, head to the site, sign up, start reading about and planning your promotion, and working on your flash fiction contest entry. Most importantly, keep on writing and sharing your work with the world. Indies Unlimited will support you at any stage and offer you the outlet to focus on your writing every day of the week, or as often as you need.

A Career in Music Management

While music management work is a very challenging task, the music industry is one of the most rewarding businesses, and after getting a job it becomes difficult to get used to and maintain it There is a possibility. There are usually six music managers that can play a part in the career of recording artists, record producers, songwriters, and musicians. These include music managers, professional musicians, business managers, road managers, travel managers, production managers, and technical managers. There are various experts (talent managers, artists and track managers, business managers, entertainment lawyers) who support singers and musicians in the music career, people who play audio or video music contents (satellite, Internet radio Bureau, radio station and television station, music journalist and music critic, DJ, music educator and teacher, instrument manufacturer, etc. In addition to companies and artists working in the music industry to earn income and income, There are man y organizations that play an important role in the music industry, including musician associations (eg American Musicians Association) than performance groups (eg American composer, writer, publisher association) and other associations (eg , International Female Music Alliance, Women Non-profit organization that supports the composers and musicians) The music industry is full of music and there are lots of music made by artists and music producers. Music managers are not just signing someone on their music management company. Music managers can include a variety of projects such as recording studios, record companies, singers, musicians, live organizers, music publishers, producers, music managers, agents, music supervisors. If you are a music manager to preserve your music career, you need to learn, understand and truly understand the music business. After all, the role of music manager is to form a career of multiple artists, songwriters, musicians.

Research In Information Technology Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11000 words

In Information Technology - Research Paper Example In today’s organisation decision making albeit hierarchical is a team effort. It is easier to understand and analyse today’s organisation using the neo-classical approach of an organisation being a socio-technical entity. The approach makes it easier to view an organisation as interaction between social elements (the people) and technical systems (any automated system i.e. IT) and how such interaction is designed for joint optimization. (Cummings 2001, Wikipedia-SocioTechnical Systems) Impact of IT and Internet – No organisation today can exist without the use of Information Technology (IT). The progress of IT and its use has taken a natural evolutionary path, from automating finance (first generation accounting packages) to virtual organisations. Global nature of today’s business - Organisations today are becoming more global in terms of business whether in its supply chain management, production or merchandising. Internet provides this access to today’s organisation. Socio-technical systems – How socio-technical systems, help organisational work design in the organisation, where people and systems interact. This understanding was required to follow our study in how internet applications are designed and developed. (Wikipedia-Sociotechnical systems) Internet and its effects – We studied the history of internet and how internet which was designed for an academic collaboration tool to today’s ubiquitous and all pervasive technological force. As part of this study, we learnt the underlying technology of internet, which has helped internet to be so highly influential in today’s world. We found that advance in telecommunications as the primary growth factor in internet and its usage. Secondly, this development of telecommunications and internet related applications have provided a great assistance to today’s

Module 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 3 - Assignment Example The last part of the paper will try to compare and contrast Tesco’s approach to inclusion and diversity with the key conclusions drawn by Bendick, Egan, & Lanier (2011) in their study. In the above mentioned study, Bendick, Egan, and Lanier (2011) mainly focus on investigating the claim that that employee diversity equips businesses to deal with diverse customers. Basically, Title VII of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 granted broad, enforceable rights to equal employment opportunity regardless of race, colour, religion, sex or national origin in a bid to end workplace discrimination. This move heralded the new dispensation in the practice of human resources management called diversity. Whilst all workplace inequities have not been completely removed, major strides have been made in this particular section to address issues related to employment discrimination on the basis of race, colour, creed and belief. Thus, the authors of the above mentioned research argue that empl oyers should provide equal employment opportunity in a bid to create a â€Å"business case for diversity.† The authors argue that workforce diversity can advance business objectives that are mainly related to issues of productivity and profitability in the organization. Which are basic tenets of any business. This brings us to the claim by the authors that employee diversity equips businesses to deal with diverse customers. According to the study, a diverse workforce offers access to a broader pool of potential employees, enables the organization to relate to diverse customers and it helps in creating a more productive work force. The authors make some of the key conclusions in their study and some of them are discussed below. They suggest that inclusion is the basic tenet that can lead to success of workplace diversity. This entails that the needs and interests of the employees are taken into account in as far as the operations of the organization is concerned. This helps to create share and mutual understanding among all the stakeholders involved in the operations of a particular organization. This can also significantly help to appeal to the interests of many customers who may be attracted to buy the products offered by the organization. The other key conclusion made by the authors of the above mentioned study posits to the effect that many companies often hire employees from different backgrounds due to the fact that they represent the tastes, sensibilities and interests of a wide range of people from diverse backgrounds. This is very important since it helps to attract sales from the operations of the organization which in turn translates into profitability. However, contrary to the key findings of a study by Syed & Kramar (2010) entitled ‘What is the Australian model for managing cultural diversity?’ it can be observed that the â€Å"legal framework in Australia places only limited obligations on organisations to manage cultural dive rsity.† As such, many organizations often lag behind in as far as diversity and inclusivity in the operations of the organization are concerned. According to this study, it can be observed that unless cultural diversity is tackled at multiple levels, managing diversity in the workplace may prove unrealistic unless concerted efforts are put by the government and organizations that specialise in different

Propaganda Theory Essay Example for Free

Propaganda Theory Essay All over the world, the wheel of propaganda keeps churning. Governments have launched propaganda blitzes to mold public opinion and further their political objectives. In certain instances, they have failed. In other cases, like global wars, they have caused mass deception and destruction. People employ numerous propaganda techniques for a variety of reasons. It may be to cushion the impact of a crisis, soften antagonistic sentiments of people governed, reinforce friendly relations between countries, or foil attempts to usurp power. Propaganda in recent years has been used in a derogatory sense, characterized by doublespeak, coupled with endorsements from individuals capable of influencing others, to win public support for an idea or doctrine. When employed by nations as an act of aggression, it can unleash a never-ending series of counterpropaganda measures, and become counterproductive. Learning about propaganda how it works, and actual examples across cultures provides many interrelated insights. Propaganda Theory I. The Meaning and Types of Propaganda Propaganda is defined in many ways. It is â€Å"a systematic effort to persuade a body of people to support or adopt a particular opinion, attitude or course of action† (Funk Wagnalls Standard College Dictionary, 1963). Propaganda is something resorted to since ancient times, and has assumed many connotations through the years. It is commonly understood as the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist. Propaganda is a term culled from the Latin word propagare which â€Å"means to propagate or to show† (Jowett and ODonnell, 2006, p. 2). French philosopher and sociologist Jacques Ellul, who conducted a thorough study on propaganda, propounded that it is a â€Å"sociological phenomena, not as something made or produced by people of intentions† (Jowett and ODonnell, 2006, p. 4). Ellul did not discount the fact, though, that while it may have negative impact, particularly in discouraging critical thought, people have a need for it. Propaganda is characterized by certain characteristics. It has to be total, seamless, with a target audience that is â€Å"self-acting and capable of screening out contrary messages for themselves (or) partial to the thrust of the message and willing to listen to it, and†¦ works best when it prepares symbols that the public will understand, and then manipulates those symbols to achieve a desired effect† (Thompson, 2004, pp. 6-8). Propaganda, as widely used today, connotes â€Å"a coordinated strategy to minimize negative information and present in a favorable light a story that can be damaging to self-interests† (Jowett and ODonnell, 2006, p. 3). This is blatantly shown by many news organizations and governments today. In most cases, â€Å"propaganda themes are produced not because the relationship between the state and the media is antagonistic and incompatible but because they serve a common purpose† (Wilcox, 2005, p. 4). To achieve the propagandist’s intent, there are several types and techniques employed. In the corporate world, one type of propaganda is a simple testimonial. Testimonials may utilize celebrities and other people of prominence or credibility, or symbols like a flag or a respectable institution, in advertisements prodding and enticing people to purchase goods and services. Most advertisements that instill brand recall by being constantly aired on all forms of media are also a form of propaganda. Usually, the propagandist conceals his main agenda in a deliberate attempt to win public favor. Propaganda may be classified then as white, or â€Å"from a correctly identified source and is not intentionally deceptive† (Brahm, 2006, parag. 4) or black, which is the exact opposite. As for the techniques, propagandists employ age-old techniques to influence or win over people to their side, like name-calling, whereby the object is to make a person see an object, person or idea in a negative light without carefully assessing evidences; use of glittering generalities that uses abstract terms, especially ideals like freedom, justice, and truth to appeal to the listener’s emotions or valued principles; card stacking, which highlights only one view to an argument while downplaying or totally repressing the dissenting or contradictory opinions in order to manipulate the sentiments or change the mindset of the audience; transfer technique, in which case the propagandist uses an object or symbolism that is generally revered or respected to win over people; testimonials, which uses prominent, authoritative or famous people to appeal to listeners’ emotions or in some instances, both the emotions and logic; and bandwagon, which presupposes that since majority of people are doing or supporting something, then that general trend must have merits worth considering. The propagandist, in this case, expects the audience to conform to the general will and reap the benefits offered (â€Å"The Art of Propaganda,† n. d. ). II. Propaganda Through the Years Propaganda’s various meanings and connotations have evolved through the years. In the modern world, the most common conduit or mouthpiece of propaganda is the news media, whether print, television, radio or online. Many governments have used media as disseminator of propaganda, especially during crisis moments or to win major support for conflict intervention. Milestones that have been part and parcel of the history of propaganda go way back to 1622, when the Vatican, under Pope Gregory XV, â€Å"established the Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, meaning the sacred congregation, for propagating the faith of the Roman Catholic Church† (Jowett and ODonnell, 2006, p. 2). Succeeding events led to the loss of impartiality in the term propaganda. In the present information age, some people who are well-read and aware of issues and news developments are able to discern whenever their government has set into motion a major information campaign to gain public support for an electoral campaign or even a war effort. There are also insidious ways individuals or governments use propaganda, like in the case of terrorist groups enlisting people to support their cause, or military leaders trying to outmart the enemy by overstating the size of one’s fleet or amplifying the sophisticated weaponry at their disposal. Propaganda has been used countless times for political warfare. History is replete with cases of governments swaying the populace to gain support for their cause or political ends. An example of 20th century propaganda are the anti-German propaganda materials widely disseminated by British agencies. Former US President George Bush’s propaganda machine emphasized an anti-terrorism stance. Ironically, he had denounced numerous propaganda tactics directed at the US which he thought to have vilified the country’s image in the global community. The US government employed similar propaganda techniques during the Gulf War and Kosovo Conflict in the 1990s. Many political rulers, like Joseph Stalin, used propaganda in a damaging sense. Another clear-cut illustration of 20th century propaganda is Adolf Hitler’s reign of terror. Everyone knows how the charismatic dictator won over people to his side not only with his eloquent speeches but with his military tactics and well-oiled propaganda machinery. Naxi propaganda bordered on censorship. Books and films that ran counter to the beliefs of the rulers were burned. In their stead, radio communications called â€Å"People’s Receiver† were offered at a cheap price. There were also organized rallies that succeeded in gaining the public’s loyalties. â€Å"In Nazi publications and German newspapers, newsreels, posters, ‘educational’ materials, etc), much use was made of cartoons from Julius Streicherthe Nazis’ vitriolic and foremost hate monger† (Thompson, 2004, parag. 11). On the other hand, there have also been countless examples of propaganda back in the 18th century. Propaganda was employed, to promote the cause of independence, through the dissemination of pamphlets during the American Revolution. In France and Europe, there was widespread criticisms for the ruling class by learned men. It was an age when anti-enlightenment ideas proliferated, and propaganda was at its peak. III. Propaganda in the Arab World Propaganda has found strong use in the Arab world. â€Å"The anti-Semitic literature published by the Arabs since World War II has been voluminous†¦Arab propagandists and sympathizers have persisted in the charge that Israel is a foreign outpost of Western civilization, the intruding offspring of Europe inhabited by European survivors of Nazi brutality† (Peters, n. d. ). Consumed by the overriding belief that Israel does not have the right to exist, most Arab and Muslim states engaged in propagandist tactics, including biased reporting and use of language that detracts from the true meaning. Propaganda was also applied through the use of official newspapers that tackled how Jews manage all the worlds governments. In similar manner, the US government has launched anti-Arab propaganda material, much to its own detriment and reputation in the international community. References Brahm, Eric. (2006). Propaganda. Beyond Intractability. Eds. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Retrieved May 31, 2009, from http://www. beyondintractability. org/essay/propaganda/ Funk Wagnalls Standard College Dictionary. (1963). New York: Harcourt, Brace World, Inc. Jowett, Garth S. and Victoria ODonnell. (2006). Propaganda and persuasion (4th ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Peters, Joan. (n. d. ). â€Å"From time immemorial the origins of the Arab-Jewish conflict over Palestine. † Retrieved May 31, 2009, from http://gospelpedlar. com/articles/Church%20History/jews. html

Comparing Brontes Wuthering Heights and Dickens Coketown Essay

Comparing Bronte's Wuthering Heights and Dickens Coketown      Ã‚   Throughout British Literature, compositions created by honored literary artists reflect current dominant lifestyles. The differences in prevailing environments are visible when comparing Emily Bronte's Withering Heights and Charles Dickens Coketown. Bronte reveals the wild unbinding freedom available though country living predominate in the late 17th and early 18th century, whereas Dickens explains the disheartening effects of industrialization, which caused massive urbanization and numerous negative consequences. Within both works, the authors portrayed the lifestyles their culture encouraged.    Rural households, spaced several miles apart, were common during Bronte's lifetime, therefore it is no surprise that she chose this enjoyable environment to set her scene for her novel which so closely mirrored her life. The moors surrounding Withering Heights remind each reader of the tranquil lifestyle enjoyed by the British at this juncture in their history. As pointed out in Seminar 1, "travel was not an easy chore" at this time, thus making frequent visiting among neighbors impossible (Seminar 1 J.H.). Therefore, it is understandable that women occupied their time knitting and gossiping (Seminar 1 K.T.). The women of Withering Heights portray this idol lifestyle. When Lockwood meets Cathy 2, she is idly setting in the apartment. Cathy 1 receives many tongue-lashings for her wild adventures in the moors as a girl. Later in her life, after her marriage to Edgar Linton, she realizes her position is to remain at the house and receive visitors there. These women represent the expecte d lifestyle of women during the romantic period.    Personal feelings an... ...hese terms infer the results of abandonment of faith and religion, vividly displaying the differences of the two periods.    Each author portrayed darkness of the soul in a separate way, just like the characteristics and origins of the darkness are separate. This turning from describing a revolting nature to a desecrated nature graphically describes the atmosphere in each period. Individual struggles dominated Bronte's time where societal hardships, resulting from technological and industrial advances, governed Dickens and his contemporaries.    Works Cited Damrosch, David, et al., ed.   The Longman Anthology of British Literature: Vol. B.   Compact ed.   New York: Longman - Addison Wesley Longman, 2000. Bronte, Emily.   Wuthering Heights. Norton Critical ed.   3rd ed.   Ed. William M. Sale, Jr., and Richard J. Dunn.   New York:   W. W. Norton, 1990.

Nucor at Crossroads Essay

In 1986, three distinct segments defined the U.S. steel industry; integrated steel mills, mini-mills, and specialty steel makers. The integrated mills have the capacity to produce a maximum of 107 million tons of steel per year, mini-mills produced a maximum of 21 million tons of capacity a year, and the nation’s specialty steel makers could produce a maximum capacity of 5 million tons of stainless and specialty grades of steel. This leads to a total capacity of 133 million tons of production per year. In 1986, the market consumed only 70 million tons of steel, leaving 33 million tons unused. Nucor is at a crossroads. It faces a saturated market suffering from significant overcapacity. Nucor’s only opportunity for growth seems to be to expand into the production of flat sheet metal. However, to compete in that area, Nucor would need to invest in a very risky new technology, a thin-slab casting plant that, if successful, would allow Nucor to manufacture flat sheet metal with a low minimum efficient scale and a low marginal cost of production. This case will examine Nucor’s history, the impacts of entering the thin-slab casting business, the advantages Nucor would reap, and whether they should build the new thin-slab casting plant. Looking at the business landscape of the steel industry, it is amazing to see how well Nucor has done considering the industry is so competitive and has relatively low profitability. Using Porter’s model, the threat of rivalry is high due to weak domestic demand, excess global capacity, a maturing industry, low switching costs, high exit barriers, rising operating costs (increasing raw material prices), and more than 5 comparable competitors. The threat of entry is low due to high barriers to entry (economies of scale have been achieved and high capital requirements), growth and profitability are modest at best, and most viable candidates are already present in the industry and are looking to expand into other markets. The threat of substitutes is moderate because buyers have the option of choosing other materials (aluminum, plastics, ceramics, etc.), and new materials technologies are currently being developed and sought after. The threat of suppliers is moderate because iron ore and scrap metal prices are currently high, energy prices are increasing, Nucor pays for transportation of its raw materials to its plants, there is no easy substitute to take the place of iron ore/scrap metal, and there is currently an overabundance of buyers of scrap metal and iron ore. Lastly, the threat of buyers is weak to moderate, because there is excess capacity, low switching costs, few high volume buyers, many low volume customers, strong demand from China, and rising feedstock prices. With the difficult business landscape in the steel industry, Nucor had to develop competitive advantages over its rivals to achieve its success. These advantages included differentiating itself by being an early adopter of computerized order tracking and allowing customers to make short time orders thus reducing their inventory. Second, it invested in modernization of its plants at an average of 2.9 times its depreciation expenses vs. an ave raged of 1.6 of its competitors through the 1970s and 1980s, and refurbished on average a plant a year. Third, Nucor strategically located its plants closer together to share orders for minimal cost and maximum sales, and building new plants in smaller rural areas with access to railroads, low energy costs, and a plentiful water source allowed Nucor to keep labor costs relatively low and made sure that COGS remained competitive. Fourth, base wages were lower but incentives were higher than average, and direct communication on expectation vs. performance provided feedback on compensation. Also, during down times, officers and CEO pay dropped dramatically while average workers did not. This led to lower employee turnover 1-5% vs. 5-10% for competitors. Fifth, Nucor’s hiring practices focused on making sure that they focused on hiring people based on potential, not experience. Finally, Nucor’s business hierarchy was different- mostly flat, resulting in less bureaucracy and more productivity per worker. In short, many of these advantages led to Nucor becoming the second most productive steel maker per employee in the world due by 1985. Thin-slab casting was a proposed technique for mini-mills to fill orders for flat sheet steel, a segment that accounted for approximately half of the U.S. steel industry. To expand its steel market share, Nucor needed to enter the flat sheet segment. In the thin-slab casting business, Nucor would initially compete with international firms from Canada and Japan that provided high quality flat sheet steel, and cheap flat sheet steel providers in newly industrialized nations. Barriers to entry would include large capital expenditures making new entrants cost prohibitive, but not impossible as the barrier is small comparative to the overall costs for steel manufacturing. While new rivals may not pop up immediately, new entrants from existing rivals will dilute Nucor’s competitive advantage. Nucor needed an innovative technology to be profitable in this segment as a new entrant. However, innovative technologies are risky due to development costs, unknown long-term operating costs, and the unknown quality of future products. Also, as a first mover, increased costs will be realized. Increased maintenance above forecasts, the risk that production will not keep pace with the small-scale model, the risk that the new tech will not be fully understood by the employees and harder to run. Also, an increased likelihood that other companies will benefit from their mistakes as SMS has not made any offer to keep information gleaned from a large-scale operation confidential. However, the benefits of being a first time mover would be realized as well. The expected profit from the thin slab minimill would be $81.50 per ton, which is 26% higher than from a modernized hot rolled sheet produced in an integrated mill and 226% higher than the margin from an unmodernized integrated mill. For cold rolled sheet, the expected profit advantage remains with minimills, with an expected profit of $107.50 per ton, which 1.9% greater than a modernized integrated mill and 115% higher than an unmodernized integrated mill. If Nucor enters the thin-slab casting business the lasting advantages may be reduced over time as others in the industry may imitate them so long as the model is proven to deliver the targeted results. If Nucor works out the kinks, then other companies will join up and the competitive advantage window will shrink, making the overall scheme too costly. If the program does not work, it is likely the other companies will not follow suit, while Nucor pays the cost for other companies â€Å"R&D† offsite. However, if the investment into the new technology proves successful, Nucor would have a significant cost savings over integrated mills initially, both in terms of entry costs and in terms of operating costs and profit margin. This will provide Nucor with a significant competitive advantage over the integrated mills, which already provide flat-rolled steel products, but will not provide sustainable competitive advantage over the long term, as it will be easy for competitors to duplicate this technology. Many of the companies that do steel would imitate the path that Nucor is taking. They have done an excellent job of lowering cost while leveraging their competitive advantages. Furthermore, CSP is a step in the ultimate industry goal of direct casting of sheet at strip. However, it seems as though Nucor would only gain a head start of two to three years since SMS held the CSP technology and Nucor couldn’t block others from using it. This head start doesn’t seem very advantageous as it would require almost 5 years to break (see attached chart) even and the other companies would be able to use lessons learned from Nucor’s first mover and apply it to lower their breakeven point. Overall this would be a very risky undertaking for Nucor to undertake at this time as the technology is not at an adequate tech readiness level, the initial cost to implement, as well as it could move Nucor away from its competitive advantages.

Was Chivalry in Decline During the 14th and 15th Centuries

Far from disappearing, chivalry during the 14 and 15th centuries it was actually going through somewhat of a revival, some historians even go as far to say it was experiencing a â€Å"renascence† in the late middle ages albeit an imperfect one. Even though it appears in this period of medieval history that chivalry was becoming all the more popular, fashionable even, the meaning and spirit behind chivalry that were so important during the first crusades were dilapidated, therefore one can see why it can be viewed that chivalry was in decline in the 14th 15th century. This is especially apparent seeing as Chivalry became a tool to be wielded by those privileged enough to have the money and influence to use it. Furthermore despite the large amount of bravado surrounding chivalry in the later medieval period, this just underlines the fact that chivalry in the 14th and 15th centuries was a hollow shell of what it had been in the time of the crusades. Kilgour indentifies chivalry in the early medieval period as the â€Å"First heroic age† where a â€Å"fusion of military glory and religion† was achieved for the first time. In his description of the glory of chivalry in its early days Kilgour only stresses the devaluation of chivalry in its time of decline in the 14th and 15th century. The writings of J Huizinga in which he describes the return of chivalry as †a rather artificial revival of things long dead, a sort of deliberate and insincere renascence of ideas drained of any real value† offer a clear analysis of chivalry and its decline as an ideal with any real meaning during the 14th and 15th century. Even though to a large extent he is certainly right to view chivalry as a hollow shell of what it was, his statement is slightly implausible because by no means were there no chivalric deeds performed that would not have seemed out of place some 200 years earlier during the crusades, for example: â€Å"A knight of the nation of Hainault named Sir Loys de Robessart. One day it happened that his enemies found him in a village with few of his people with him. There they attacked him and staged a fine skirmish. And although his enemies where great in numbers and much stronger he drove them out of he village. Thereupon a great force of his enemies renewed the attack, and although he sighted them at a distance, all the same he disdained to flee or to show any signs of fear. But with very steady, noble and virtuous courage sallied forth and in order to uphold the honour of this order of chivalry and of himself he determined to hold his ground, and there he died gloriously, for before he di ed when he saw he could not hold he made his men withdraw to the castle, for which act he was greatly praised both by his enemies and his own men. † From this example it is apparent that there were cases in which chivalric actions were not completely selfless, suggesting to one that chivalry was not in decline. Never the less mindful of Maurice Keens remark that the value of chivalry signified by the heroic ideals of the earlier romances has been lost to sight in a quest for imitative decoration, it is thus easy to see that perhaps even the most selfless cases of chivalry recorded by historians like the tale of Roberssart just suit to underpin the inherent flaws in late medieval chivalry with their â€Å"quest for imitative decoration. There is however one issue in the early medieval period that is conceivably the defining factor in best determining if there was a decline in chivalry in the 14th and 15th century, one that is not explored by Huizinga or Kilgour. It is whether the state of chivalry in its â€Å"first heroic age† was any different in its ideals and value before it had collapsed into a â€Å"mad, exaggerated display. One aspect that might prove this conclusion to be correct is raised by Maurice Keen who observes that some of the evidence describing chivalry, although being less plentiful in the 12th century is remarkably similar to what is being said two or three hundred years later. This example is enough to convince one that there was little difference in the spirit of chivalry at its beginning in the 12th and 13th centuries, suggesting that there was not a decline in chivalry due to it losing its meaning because that meaning was unchanged in some two hundred years. Despite her argument there is some evidence which disproves Maurice Keen’s notion of a chivalric spirit unchanged over two hundred years, which apart from being implausible, is proved to be inaccurate due to the evolution of chivalry as a tool to be used for selfish ends further undermining the ideals for which chivalry stands. The best illustration of chivalry being used as a tool is when it started to be harnessed for means of propaganda. This can be seen most prominently at the Vow of the Pheasant and the banquet held at Lille in 1445, in which the banquet was used to lavishly display a sense of chivalry with the intention of trying to gain the adequate support to initiate a crusade along the Mediterranean. However this was no excessive imitation of the past but was a calculated move by King Philip the Good, a move which perfectly illustrates the decline of chivalry in the late Middle Ages. What one also needs to understand is that this was not an isolated case. Chivalry was used as a tool in other ways as well. For example many Dukes’ Counts and court officials hoped that by exploiting the genuine respect for chivalrous values and conduct they could â€Å"solidify† respect for their rather â€Å"shaky† ducal authority. This point is interestingly supported by Maurice Keen who despite her previous argument explains that â€Å"chivalry was something secular princes could exploit† mainly because it was taken so seriously by â€Å"a very important sector of people. What makes her statement even more plausible is that it is reinforced by Raymond Kilgour, whose view is that an event such as these pageants evolved without a â€Å"deeper value to society† such was the extent to the dilapidation of chivalry, and its decline in the 14th and 15th centuries Despite much evidence to prove that chivalry was in decline in the late medieval period of the 14th and 15th centuries, some events just do not lend themselves to be interpreted it in this way. Especially when taken into account that a definition of the word decline is â€Å"the period when something reaches its end† this is particularly interesting as there are some documents which raise the question whether chivalry actually ever reached a period of definite decline at all in the 15th and 14th centuries, despite its withering spirit. One such piece of evidence that supports this view is a table listing all books printed in Venice in reference to military affairs. This specific document is useful because of all the works devoted to military affairs or dealing with them, the most prevalent category of book published was that of the laws of war and chivalry. The fact that this table lists books on chivalric warfare as being so popular this late on in the 1400’s must denote that chivalry was not in decline, for if it was going through a tangible Decline it would surely not have been such a popular subject for publishing. However if we are to take Huizinga’s view that chivalry was nothing more than â€Å"a rather artificial revival of things long dead† this would explain why even though chivalry exercised a â€Å"disastrous† affect on wars in this period of late medieval period it was still so wrote about. Another interpretation which supports Huizinga’s view is that litterateurs of the time where probably trying to capitalize on chivalry as a popular subject, similar to the way that secular princes used chivalry as a tool as Maurice Keen pointed out. Chivalry in practise was obviously not in decline in the late medieval period however in spirit it was, a perfect exhibition of this is shown through the disastrous effect chivalry had on the outcome of wars and on France itself. This was mainly the doing of King John the Good whose reign was â€Å"disastrous† to France because of his â€Å"chivalric prejudice†, as is pointed out by J Huizinga who rightly claims that it was King Johns â€Å"chivalric stubbornness† and carelessness which cost him the battle of Poitiers in 1356, as well as one of his most celebrated chivalric knights Geroffroi De Charny. This use of chivalry almost seems as though it’s being used to keep up appearances with what was fashionable at the time no matter the cost, and as a result underlines the decline in the spirit of chivalry and therefore the decline of chivalry itself. In conclusion the â€Å"cult† of chivalry as it is sometimes called in the later middle ages is generally considered by the majority of historians who deal with it indirectly or directly as meaningless, and therefore it has to be perceived as being in decline. Karl Brandi labelled the elaborate protocol at play in chivalric court as an â€Å"impressive, sumptuous yet wholly meaningless shell. † Similarly J Huizinga described chivalry as â€Å"naive† and â€Å"imperfect. † Raymond Kilgour on the other hand stated that chivalry was an â€Å"extravagant† illusion to try and maintain a feeling of â€Å"significance. † All these statements overwhelmingly point at a chivalry in a dire state of decline in the late medieval period, however in reality it was going through a revival. Despite this revival, chivalry was weak in spirit and had disastrous effects on society, the outcomes of war and on France itself. From this assumption it’s hard not to see that although chivalry in practise was not in decline in practise its meanings and ideals were, hence why one can see that chivalry was in decline in the 14 and 15th century.

My Fear of Public Speaking Essay Example

My Fear of Public Speaking Essay Example My Fear of Public Speaking Paper My Fear of Public Speaking Paper Essay Topic: Public Speaking Fear is defined often as a negative reaction provoked by a looming danger. As humans, we have felt this negative emotion in varying degrees. Some of us fear snakes, heights, death and even the number Thirteen. My fear keeps me from expressing my ideas and myself. My fear is public speaking. Born and raised in Ethiopia I spoke Amharic my native language, until the age of fourteen. I then moved to the United States to join my family. Coming to a new country already had lots of challenges; having to learn a new language makes it a lot harder to overcome the fear of public speaking. Can you imagine how difficult it was to move? We find it hard moving to a different apartment let alone a whole new country. I had to move from a different continent. Yes, it was very challenging and terrifying. In spite of my fears, in my first year of high school English class, I found myself having to give a speech report. From the moment Mrs. Smith, my teacher, announced that we had to present our essay; I was consumed with worry and dread in anticipation. The day was Tuesday and it was unusually muggy and dark outside. As I walked through the tunnel that led to my English class, I wished I could keep walking to my home, my true home. Knowing that there was no hope of going back, I stepped in through the gates of hell to face my demons. In the class I saw monsters, in varying sizes. I saw them having huge ears, especially made, for listening to any errors, mispronunciations, and stutters. These beasts had huge eyes, big as baseballs, made to look for nervous ticks. Their huge mouths were filled with enormous tongues like lizardsmouths made for laughing at me and tongues to talk about me behind my back. Oh, such terror! I had never felt so terrified. My heart was beating so fast I thought any minute it would jump out and run away. I walked in slowly, with measured steps. I didn’t want to disturb the creatures. Not wanting them to turn on me this minute, I sat at my desk avoiding any eye contact and made myself as small as a mouse. I was hoping the main monstrous creature sitting behind the desk would not utter my name. â€Å"Ko row beil,† the creature shrieked murdering my name. For a moment, I thought, â€Å"That’s not my name. Should I sit here till the monster gets it right?† No, I thought it best not to anger the beast. I stood quickly and moved toward the front of the class. Approaching the front, I smelled a strong perfume emanating from the creatures body. The perfume was so strong it smelled like toilet cleaner with a hint of citrus. I felt light headed either from the overwhelming odor or my fear. My vision got swirly I had to hold on to a desk to keep from falling. In this state, I began to speak my introduction. Thirty seconds or so into my speech, I began to breathe normally and relaxed a bit. I dared to look down from the ceiling. I looked at my classmates. On their faces were the funniest expressions I had ever seen. There was bewilderment and some looked dumbfounded. Then my brain started to register that I was speaking Amharic my native language. I stopped and looked at those funny expressions on the students’ faces, and I busted out laughing. I could not control my laughter. Then the whole class erupted with laughter, even the enormous creature behind the teacher’s desk. A few minutes later, the class calmed down from laughter, so had any difficulties I had about speaking. I began again in English this time. I was very relaxed and even had a smile on my face. I finished my presentation it wasn’t perfect but I was done. As I sat back at my chair in relief, the creature stepped out from behind its desk. Looking at the monster’s face I saw similarities. It had the same demeanor, caring and loving as my mother. The monster was no more. Of course, my fear was not just a fear of speaking to people; rather it was not being understood. There were many factors that added to my fear of public speaking. I believe not being raised by my parents and societal tradition in Ethiopia was significant. In Africa war, famine, and political are realities that separate families. My family had no control over these uncontrollable situations. As a consequence I was not raised by my parents. Not being raised by my parents had impacted my confidence and made me fearful of speaking in public. However, I’m thankful of my first speech in English class. The speech that day built up my character and made me a better person.

Media and Developing Babies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media and Developing Babies - Term Paper Example Rapid Auditory Processing This domain, which is very important in language functioning (Paterson et al., 2006), refers to how well infants receive auditory cues such as environmental sound, recorded music, or a mother’s voice. The area in the brain where this domain rests can be found in the thalamus, caudate, frontal areas, and the temporoparietal speech areas in the left hemisphere (Paterson et al., 2006). Face Processing A fundamental skill, face processing allows infants to recognize a face which is considered to play a major role in social interaction and functioning (Paterson et al., 2006). The subcortical structures, superior temporal gyrus, and the left-inferior frontal gyrus are the brain areas utilized by infants in face processing (Paterson et al., 2006). Object Permanence Considered a milestone in cognitive development, object permanence allows infants to remember objects after they are kept hidden from view (Paterson et al., 2006). This ability lies in the develop ment of the frontal lobes which can also have effects on cognition and language (Paterson et al., 2006). Joint Attention Mundy and Gomes (1998) consider joint attention a â€Å"core social cognitive skill that plays a very important role in early language acquisition† (as cited in Paterson et al., 2006, p. 14). Joint attention tasks are developed in the left parietal lobe for responding to visual attention, and the frontal and temporal lobes for initiating visual attention (Paterson et al., 2006). Relationship of Television Viewing and COGNITIVE Development Several studies have been conducted to establish a relationship between exposure to television content and infant’s cognitive and behavioral make-up. These studies present the television medium as a stimulus that... As the discussion stresses different studies have been conducted about the effects of television viewing in the cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral aspects of audiences. These studies examine, for instance, whether violent television content can lead to aggression in audiences. What these studies aim to achieve is the correlation and causation between media content and audiences. While there are many studies documenting the effects of television viewing in adult audiences, there are few studies that also consider the cognitive and behavioral effects of television viewing in infant audiences.This paper highlights that  a  fundamental skill, face processing allows infants to recognize a face which is considered to play a major role in social interaction and functioning. The subcortical structures, superior temporal gyrus, and the left-inferior frontal gyrus are the brain areas utilized by infants in face processing.  Considered a milestone in cognitive development, object perm anence allows infants to remember objects after they are kept hidden from view. This ability lies in the development of the frontal lobes which can also have effects on cognition and language. Several studies have been conducted to establish a relationship between exposure to television content and infant’s cognitive and behavioral make-up. These studies present the television medium as a stimulus that arguably influences an infant’s brain.

The song Dressin Up by Katy Perry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The song Dressin Up by Katy Perry - Essay Example ?s the night/ I’m dressing up for you The feminist theory does not support sexual submission for women, arguing that sexual submissiveness refers to a subordinate position for women which can also set back the advantages which have been secured by women throughout the years (McRobbie, 2004). Such advantages include the fact that women are no longer sexual objects, they are individuals who are beyond such elements of sexual depravity and debasement. The feminist theory also glories in women fulfilling goals, regardless of traditional gender dictates (McRobbie, 2004). Bringing in sexuality to the discussion of feminine rights and qualities is a step back from the fulfilment of these goals, especially since sexuality objectifies women as nothing more than sexual objects. It is important however to note that in equalizing the sexuality of men and women, the lyrics of Katy Perry suggest the presence of a female sexual aggressor, one which is far removed from the sexually submissive individual (Hopkins, 1994). As opposed to the tradition of women being the sexually submissive parties, Katy Perry’s lyrics suggest a sexually active and sexually aggressive female partner, one who initiates the sexual experience with the male party. In general however, the tone of the song is opposed to the ideals of feminism and gender equality. The lyrics, ‘I’m dressin’ up for you’ evoke an act which to most feminists is contrary to what they seek for women – gender equality (Moi, 2008). The feminist theory objects to any action which is made for the opposite gender, and they point out that such actions degrade women. Women must do things to please themselves, not to please the opposite gender. This concept reverts back to the need to do away with the past traditions where women... The feminist theory does not support sexual submission for women, arguing that sexual submissiveness refers to a subordinate position for women which can also set back the advantages which have been secured by women throughout the years (McRobbie, 2004).   Such advantages include the fact that women are no longer sexual objects, they are individuals who are beyond such elements of sexual depravity and debasement.   The feminist theory also glories in women fulfilling goals, regardless of traditional gender dictates (McRobbie, 2004).   Bringing in sexuality to the discussion of feminine rights and qualities is a step back from the fulfilment of these goals, especially since sexuality objectifies women as nothing more than sexual objects.   It is important however to note that in equalizing the sexuality of men and women, the lyrics of Katy Perry suggest the presence of a female sexual aggressor, one which is far removed from the sexually submissive individual (Hopkins, 1994).à ‚   As opposed to the tradition of women being the sexually submissive parties, Katy Perry’s lyrics suggest a sexually active and sexually aggressive female partner, one who initiates the sexual experience with the male party.   In general however, the tone of the song is opposed to the ideals of feminism and gender equality.   The lyrics, ‘I’m dressin’ up for you’ evoke an act which to most feminists is contrary to what they seek for women – gender equality. The song also evokes some sexual bondage and masochism with the words ‘dominatrix’ and ‘tied.’